Types Of Oganic Farming

Pure organic farming, Integrated Farming and Integrated Farming Systems

1.Pure organic farming:It includes           a) organic manures           b) bio-pesticides with complete avoidance of inorganic chemicals and pesticides.  2.Integrated Farming:It involves           a)integrated nutrient management           b)Integrated Pest Management 3.Integrated Farming Systems:In this type, local resources are effectively recycled by involving other components such as           a)poultry,           b)fishpond,           c)mushroom,           d)goat rearing etc.  apart from crop components. It is a low input organic farming. a) organic manures   Bulky Organic Manure       1)Compost             2)Farm Yard Manure (FYM)  Concentrated Organic Manure          1)Oil Cakes:Richest source of plant nutrient of all organic manure.                2)Edible oil cakes 9 (i.e., used for cattle feeding)             3)Non-edible oil cakes (i.e., used as manure) Compost Compost is an organic manure artificially prepared from plant residues and animal waste products. The process of making compost is known as composting. It is largely a biological process in which aerobic (which require air or oxygen for their development) and anaerobic (which function in absence of air or free oxygen) micro-organisms decompose organic matter and lower the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the refuse.Compost is prepared from waste vegetables and other refuse mixed with cow-dung and urine and also from town waste and night-soil. The compost becomes ready in about three to four months without any further attention. Composts are of two types and they differ in nature and composition. (i) Rural/Village Compost This type of compost is prepared from farm waste products, e.g. straws, crop stubble, crop residues such as sugarcane trash, groundnut husks and leaves, cotton stalks, etc. Weeds, waste folder, urine soaked earth, litter from cowshed and hedge clippings. This type of compost contain 0.4-0.8 per cent Nitrogen (N), 0.3-0.6 per cent PO5 and 0.7-1.0 per cent K2O. (ii) Urban Compost or Town Compost This type of compost is prepared from town waste and night soil. This type of compost contains 1.0-2.0 per cent nitrogen, 1.0 per cent nitrogen, 1.0 per cent P2O5 and 1.5 per cent K2O. Farm Yard Manure (FYM) Farm yard manure is a mixture of the solid and liquid excreta of farm animals along with litter (i.e., the materials used for bedding purposes of cattle) and left over material from roughage or fodder fed to the cattle. The chemical composition of FYM is nitrogen—0.5%, phosphate – 0.2 %, potassium – 0.5 % and water 76 %.Oil CakesOil cakes are the by-products of oil seeds crops. Oil cakes are the important and quick acting organic nitrogenous manure. It also contain small amount of phosphorous and potassium. (i) Edible Oil Cakes This type of oil cake is used for feeding cattle in the form of concentrations, e.g. mustard oil cakes, groundnut cake, sesame or til cake, linseed cake, coconut cake, etc. (ii) Non-edible oil cakes This type of oil cake is not suitable for feeding to cattle and mainly used for manuring crops, e.g., castor cake, neem cake, etc. The non-edible oil cakes contain a harmful toxic substance, which make them unsuitable for feeding to cattle. But these are a good source of nitrogenous manure. The amount of nitrogen varies with the type of oil cake. It ranges from 2.5 per cent in mahua cake to 7.9 per cent in decorative safflower cake. In addition to nitrogen, all oil cakes contain small quantities of phosphoric acid (0.8 to 2.9 per cent) and potash (1.1 to 2.2 per cent). Oil cakes are insoluble in water. But their nitrogen becomes quickly available in about a week or ten days after application to crops.